Journal of Research Administration

1 Savitha. K. K, 2 Dr. S Poonguzhali PDF

The present study examined the differences in successful intelligence among secondary school students with respect to gender, type of school management, and locale. A sample of 500 adolescents (250 boys and 250 girls) from secondary schools in Calicut, Malappuram, and Palakkad districts of Kerala was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed and validated Successful Intelligence Scale consisting of 30 items across the analytic, creative, and practical dimensions. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests were employed for data analysis. Results showed that students’ scores were moderately distributed (M = 100.48, SD = 20.42). Comparison of dimensions revealed no significant difference between analytic and creative intelligence, while both analytic–practical and creative–practical comparisons were highly significant. Gender-wise analysis indicated no significant difference between boys and girls in successful intelligence. However, significant differences were found based on locale, with urban students outperforming rural students, and government-school students scored significantly higher than private-school students. Overall, the findings highlight that school type and locale, rather than gender, plays meaningful roles in shaping students’ successful intelligence.  

1 Junaidi Abdullah Ingratubun, 2 M. Syukri Akub;Abd. Asis PDF

This study aims to analyze the nature of regulation, implementation, and formulate an ideal form of coordination between law enforcement officials in the investigation of fisheries crimes. This research departs from the fact that there is an overlap of authority between agencies, such as the Indonesian Navy, Polairud, Bakamla, and the Fisheries Civil Servant Investigator (PPNS), which often hinders the effectiveness of law enforcement in coastal marine areas. Using a normative juridical approach enriched by case studies in Tual City and Southeast Maluku Regency, this study reveals that the existing legal arrangements are still sectoral, partial, and have not fully provided clarity on the boundaries of authority. The results of the study show that the implementation of coordination between law enforcement officials still faces various obstacles, both in terms of sectoral ego, limited infrastructure, and lack of information system integration. This has an impact on the ineffectiveness of handling fisheries crime cases, as well as reducing public trust in the law enforcement process. The ideal form of coordination found in this study is through the synchronization of regulations, the establishment of a permanent coordination forum with integrated SOPs, and the development of a joint information system that can be supervised by independent institutions and coastal communities. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of regulatory synchronization, strengthening coordination mechanisms, and integrating information systems as the main pillars to realize effective, transparent, and equitable enforcement of fisheries laws.  

1 Margret Sharmila.F, 2 K. Karuppasamy PDF

Cryptanalysis is essential for evaluating the robustness of modern encryption algorithms such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) against various attacks. However, traditional cryptanalysis methods are often time-consuming, require deep domain expertise, and struggle to scale effectively when analysing high-dimensional data such as cipher texts and side-channel emissions. Moreover, the lack of standardized analysis techniques poses challenges in identifying subtle vulnerabilities and anomalies within AES implementations. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel cryptanalysis framework based on transfer learning, which leverages pre-trained deep learning models from diverse domains to automatically extract and analyse meaningful features from side-channel data and AES-related cryptographic elements. This Transfer Learning-based Cryptanalysis Framework (TLCF) significantly reduces manual feature engineering and improves the detection of information leakage, structural anomalies, and potential attack vectors in AES systems. While steganography and cryptanalysis target distinct threat surfaces hidden communication and key recovery respectively both benefit from transfer learning’s ability to extract robust, transferable features from complex input domains. This unified approach enables the application of deep feature learning across heterogeneous security tasks. Furthermore, knowledge distilled from related ciphers such as DES and Serpent is incorporated to enhance generalization and robustness across different cryptographic settings. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves high accuracy in vulnerability detection and outperforms traditional methods, especially when analysing the impact of fault injections on AES implementations. By integrating transfer learning into the cryptanalysis pipeline, this work advances the automation, efficiency, and precision of evaluating encryption schemes, contributing to a deeper understanding of cryptographic security.  

1, 2 Salihah Sulaiman Aljohani and 1 Hafizah Che Hassan PDF

This study examined the effectiveness of a leadership-based intervention in reducing burnout among nurses working in tertiary care hospitals in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The research focused on how transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles relate to nurse burnout and whether a structured leadership resilience program could produce meaningful improvements in nurses’ psychological well-being. A quasi-experimental design with pre–post measurements was employed, involving 280 nurses from multiple hospital departments. Data were collected using standardized measures of leadership styles and nurse burnout, and non-parametric statistical techniques were applied to examine correlations, group differences, and changes over time. The findings revealed significant relationships between all three leadership styles and burnout, indicating that leadership behavior is a major determinant of nurses’ emotional exhaustion and workplace stress. The leadership-based intervention resulted in a statistically significant reduction in burnout, demonstrating that leadership development can lead to tangible improvements in nurse well-being. Demographic variables such as age, education, specialty, and years of experience did not significantly influence burnout, although some differences were observed in leadership perceptions across gender. Overall, the results highlight that nurse burnout is primarily shaped by leadership and organizational factors rather than individual characteristics. The study provides strong empirical support for the use of leadership-focused interventions as an effective strategy to enhance resilience, reduce burnout, and promote healthier work environments for nurses in tertiary care hospitals.

1, 2 Salihah Sulaiman Aljohani & 1 Hafizah Che Hassan PDF

Background/Objectives: Leadership styles exhibited by nurse leaders play an essential role in alleviating burnout among staff nurses; however, a comprehensive meta-analysis on this research subject is currently lacking. Hence, this review explored the current literature on related studies published between 2020 and 2025, and examined the influence of nurse managers’ leadership styles on clinical nurses’ burnout. Methods: This review adhered to the guidelines developed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. A total of 15 articles searched from six databases: Pub Med, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Science Direct, and EBSCO through the Saudi Digital Library (SDL), fulfilled the criteria and were subsequently included in the final review and meta-analysis. Results: Out of the total15studies, it was indicated that nurse burnout is a global issue, with nurse leadership being a crucial factor in mitigating this problem. The primary positive leadership styles that influenced this situation are authentic leadership, effective head nurse leadership, empowering leadership, ethical leadership, inclusive leadership, paradoxical leadership, servant leadership, and transformational leadership (overall effect size = -0.19; CI = -0.37, -0.00; p = 0.045). On the other hand, the negative leadership styles that influenced this problem are authoritarian leadership and destructive leadership (overall effect size = 0.29; CI = 0.02, 0.57; p = 0.034). Conclusions: Nursing leaders can alleviate nurse burnout by fostering positive leadership styles and eliminating negative leadership practices. Several other factors, both with direct and indirect effects, must also be considered, as they have significantly contributed to the reduction in burnout experienced by clinical nurses.  

1 Waniko Ebenezer Ndabako, 2 Prof. M. A. Ijaiya, 3 Dr C.K.Dauda, 4 Dr A.A. Abdulwaheed, 5 Danjuma Nungala Usman PDF

Servant leadership has solidified its position as a critical and influential leadership paradigm within organizational studies, distinguished by its emphasis on leader behaviors that prioritize the growth, well-being, and empowerment of followers. Its relevance has expanded beyond its ethical and philosophical origins to demonstrate significant impact across key organizational outcomes, including enhanced employee performance (Lee et al., 2020), increased innovative work behavior (Newman et al., 2020), strengthened organizational citizenship behavior (Liden et al., 2022), and improved employee well-being and engagement (Eva et al., 2019). Objectives: A core objective of this systematic review was to identify and examine the prevailing thematic areas within Servant Leadership (SL) research in organizational contexts over the past five years. Methods: This study employed the Systematic Quantitative Assessment Technique (SQAT), a robust framework developed by Pickering and Byrne (2014) to ensure a rigorous, transparent, and replicable review process. The SQAT protocol was selected for its ability to systematically identify, screen, and synthesize a body of peer-reviewed literature while minimizing selection bias. Its structured approach emphasizes methodological clarity and is particularly effective at revealing geographic, methodological, and thematic trends and gaps within a defined research field Results: This section presents the findings from the systematic review of 58 articles on Servant Leadership (SL) published between 2019 and 2024. The results are organized to address the predefined research questions, detailing the temporal and geographical distribution of the literature, the balance between conceptual and empirical studies, and the dominant methodological approaches. The findings are integrated with a discussion of their significance for the study of Servant Leadership in Organizational Contexts. Conclusions: This systematic review set out to analyse the landscape of Servant Leadership (SL) research within organizational contexts over the recent five-year period (2019-2024). Drawing from a final corpus of 58 peer-reviewed articles, the study mapped the temporal and geographical distribution of publications, the balance between conceptual and empirical work, and the dominant methodological approaches, ultimately identifying four primary thematic trajectories: Performance and Organizational Outcomes, Psychological and Mediating Mechanisms, Antecedents and Leader Development, and Cross-Cultural Applications and Public Service.  

1 Ward Mansour Ahmed Al-Ward, 2 Fuad Mansoor Ahmed Al-Ward PDF

This study analyzes health conditions in Yemen during the period of the Mutawakkilite State (1911–1962), an era characterized by distinctive political and social circumstances shaped by the Imamate’s isolationist policy. The study focuses on the nature of available health services, the contrast between folk (popular) medicine and early manifestations of modern medicine, and the role of foreign medical missions in shaping the health system at the time. This study employs a narrative historical approach to document and trace events, while also adopting a descriptive-analytical approach to interpret the dialectical relationship between the state’s political structure and the deterioration of health conditions. The study concludes, most notably, that Yemen experienced an “institutional health vacuum” throughout the first half of the twentieth century. In this vacuum, the overwhelming majority of the population relied on folk medicine in its various forms. In contrast, modern medicine remained largely confined to elites in major urban centers such as Sana’a, Taiz, and Al-Hudaydah. The study also finds that epidemics (malaria, smallpox, and plague) constituted the most dangerous demographic variable, claiming lives amid scarce governmental intervention and the absence of preventive strategies. Finally, the limited improvement in the health sector during Imam Ahmad’s reign was insufficient to meet severe challenges, contributing to the deterioration of health as an implicit factor fueling popular anger and, ultimately, the Revolution of September 26, 1962. This study recommends that researchers urgently collect oral history from elderly Yemenis concerning older therapeutic practices before this memory disappears, and that comparative studies be conducted between health conditions in the southern protectorates (Aden) and the Mutawakkilite Kingdom to assess the impact of colonial administration versus traditional national rule on health.  

1 Daanoune Meryem, 2 Khadir Mohammed, 3 Taoufik Wafaa, 4 Rajaa Hadri PDF

This article explores the conditions for implementing ethical and transparent digital governance in the era of artificial intelligence. Drawing on a literature review and the analysis of concrete case studies (ChatGPT, Clearview AI, CNSS, etc.), it identifies major challenges in terms of data protection, algorithmic fairness, and legal responsibility.Thearticleproposesa typology of emerging regulatory frameworks (AI Act, UNESCO principles, ISO standards) and formulates concrete recommendations for public and private decision-makers.  

1 Nwachi, Ibrahim Ogbonna, 2 Asonye, Bright Onyedikachi PDF

Disruptive innovation has become a defining force reshaping financial service delivery across emerging economies and Nigeria’s Fintech industry represents one of the one of the dynamic context where this transformation is unfolding. This study examines the extent to which digital technologies, financial innovation and operational efficiency drives disruptive innovation in the Nigeria Fintech sector. Grounded in Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation and Resource-Based View (RBV), the research engaged a quantitative research design with a population of six hundred respondents from First Bank Plc. in selected First Bank branches at Shomolu, Yaba and Ikeja Local Government Area in Lagos State. A sample size of 240 was derived using Yamene derivation formula and a multi-stage sampling technique was employed, incorporating purposive and convenience sampling methods to select employees in five department and levels of managerial position. The study tested four hypotheses regarding the impact of digital technologies, financial innovation, operational efficiency and the joint effect on disruptive innovation. The findings revealed that digital technologies, financial innovation and operational efficiency and the joint effect influences disruptive innovation with an overall model R² value of 0.513, this suggest that 51.3% of the variation in innovation disruption is explained by the joint effect of the variables. Specifically, digital technologies (β= 0.490, t= 8.973, p<0.05), financial innovation (β= 0.206, t= 2.802, p<0.05) and operational efficiency (β= 0.240, t= 2.530, p<0.05) were all found to significantly enhance disruptive innovation. These findings show that technology-driven tools are central to the disruptive strength of Fintech firms in Nigeria. The study recommends enhancing digital infrastructures, strengthening regulatory frameworks and supporting Fintech solutions that promote innovation, efficiency and financial inclusion.  

1 Ndekile, Chigozie Paul, 2 Asonye, Bright Onyedikachi PDF

This study examines the influence of stakeholder engagement practices on facility management (FM) project delivery performance in Abuja, Nigeria. Recognising that FM projects involve complex stakeholder interactions, the research explores how engagement practices, compliance, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives affect project outcomes in terms of time, cost, quality, and client satisfaction. A quantitative research design was employed, using primary data collected through structured questionnaires distributed to professionals across five major facility management agencies within the Federal Capital Territory. A total of 344 valid responses were analysed. The questionnaire adopted a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) summarised the demographic data, while inferential analyses were performed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in SmartPLS to test the hypothesised relationships. Results revealed that stakeholder engagement practices, compliance mechanisms, and CSR-related initiatives significantly enhance FM project delivery performance. Additionally, stakeholder trust, commitment, and communication quality mediated the relationship between stakeholder engagement and project outcomes. The study underscores the strategic importance of effective stakeholder management and CSR integration in achieving sustainable facility performance. It concludes with practical implications for policy and management strategies aimed at strengthening collaborative engagement frameworks among FM stakeholders in Nigeria. By fostering trust and transparent communication, facility managers can enhance project success and contribute to broader sustainability objectives within the industry.  

1 Konpal Kaur and 2 Shikha Sharma PDF

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1 Dr. Aliva Mohanty, 2 Pragyna Paramita Mohapatra PDF

Handicrafts can be defined as products which are produced either completely by hand or with the help of tools. Handicraft in Odisha can be defined as products which are produced either completely by hand or with the help of tools. In Odisha, handicrafts have great potential for employment generation and income generation as they hold the key for sustaining not only the millions of artisans already existing, spread over the length, and breadth of the state but also for the increasingly large number of new entrants in the crafts activity. The handicraft raw materials used by the artisans are easily available. The products of handicraft are mostly artistic, imaginative, culturally attached, ornamental, traditional, religiously attached and socially symbolic, for which handicraft has become important to everybody’s life. The crafts and the artisans of the sector are a significant part of the economy and are making state’s footprints in the global market. Moreover, the great design and carvings of temples testify to the fact that art and craftsmanship are not new to Odisha but the skill which Odisha got from its inherent culture and rituals. The handicrafts industry of Odisha comes under the unorganized sector of the village economy. The main purpose of the study is to identify the occupational challenges faced by the male and female workers working in the dokra handicraft industry of Dhenkanal district of Odisha. All total 60 male and female dokra handicraft workers have been selected through purposive sampling method

1 Aarti Dhar, 2 Dr.?Preeti Singh, 3 Prof.? (Dr.) ?Surbhi Dahiya PDF

The media has an essential role in disseminating critical health information and countering misinformation, particularly during public health crises. This paper seeks to understand how training Hindi journalists in the State Uttar Pradesh (UP) of India can strengthen government health communication and counter misinformation around public health issues. Authentic information routed through media has the potential to build media literacy as well. A quantitative approach is adopted for this study, and the data were collected through purposive sampling using a questionnaire. The population is the Hindi print and digital media journalists of UP. An analysis of data suggests that a majority of journalists who had received some training on public health-related issues found these very useful in enhancing their knowledge base. Several untrained journalists also said the training would be useful, suggesting that the training was purposeful. Well-trained and informed media would ensure accurate, credible, and evidence-based reporting, thereby helping in checking misinformation. This, consequently, supports and strengthens the health communication initiatives of the government. Analysis suggests that media organizations and journalism training institutions should prioritize structured educational programs focused on public health reporting, including in Hindi and other regional languages. Hindi media has the largest circulation and readership in the country among all regional languages and English. The study recommends that the government should only indirectly support the media houses, media training institutes, journalism schools, educational institutes, and non-governmental organizations in training journalists for the larger public good.   

1 Priyanka Yadav, 2 Palagani Nagaraju, 3 Arul Vendhan S, 4 Radhika Mariappan, 5 Neelam Rajput, 6 Payal Saha, 7 Pooja Sen, 8 Divyapriya V, 9 Nisha Bharti, 10 Yuvaraj Arumugam PDF

Background: Neonatal adaptation during the early postnatal period can be critically determined by neurobehavioral maturation and effective feeding. Nesting, which is a nursing guided developmental care interventions, have shown improved behavioural regulation and feeding efficiency. This study evaluated the modulatory effects of nursing guided nesting on neurobehavioral maturation and feeding functionalities among neonates, also the maternal satisfaction and associated clinical obstetric variables. Methods: An experimental pre-post-test design was conducted among 60 neonates in which 30 infants were as experimental and 30 infants were as control admitted to first level new-born care units. The experimental group received nursing guided nesting for 6 hours per day over two consecutive days, while controls received routine care. Neurobehavioral activity was assessed using the Braselton Neonatal Behavioural Assessment framework and feeding functionality was measured using a standardized sucking behaviour scale. Maternal satisfaction was assessed through a structured rating scale. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests. Results- This study showed that in experimental group, mean sucking response scores increased markedly from 9.88 ± 2.26 before intervention to 12.35 ± 2.15 after nesting (p-value<0.05), whereas no meaningful improvement was observed in the control group. Significant associations were observed between neonatal variables such as age, birth weight, and gestational age with post intervention feeding outcomes. Our study also showed 76.7% of mothers reported high satisfaction with the nesting intervention, with clinical obstetric variables including mode of delivery and antenatal visit frequency showing significant associations with satisfaction levels. Conclusion: this study showed that nursing guided nesting significantly enhances neurobehavioral organization and feeding functionality among neonates and is a feasible, cost effective, and family cantered intervention suitable for routine neonatal nursing practice. 

1 Dirisu Ishau Muhammad.FWACP (HBT), 2 Okuonghae Efe Mobolaji.FWACP (HBT), 3 Ologbo Onorioriode Thompson.FWACP (HBT), 4Ohwotake Iphierooghene Ezekiel.MBBS PDF

Background: Acute leukemias are aggressive diseases that are most rapidly fatal in the absence of treatment. Treatment is dependent on the type, age and overall performance status of the patient at diagnosis. This study determined the challenges involved in the management of acute leukemias and clinical outcomes while making recommendations relevant to improved care and survival outcomes for patients with acute leukaemias. Methodology: This longitudinal study involved adult patients managed for acute leukaemias at the Delta State University Teaching Hospital between March 2023 and February 2025. Treatment for AML comprised induction with daunorubicin and cytarabine and consolidation with high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) while treatment for ALL was with prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, daunorubicin, and HiDAC. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version23. Results: Twenty-two cases of acute leukaemiaswere diagnosed,with a prevalence of 15.5%. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemiawas the most common (12, 54.5%). Fifteen of the patients (68.2%) completed induction chemotherapy while seven (31.8%) did not. Six (40%) of the 15 who had induction chemotherapy, proceeded to undergo consolidation chemotherapy, while nine, (60%) did not. High rates of discharge against medical advice (DAMA) were observed in patients with acute leukaemias. Pre-induction rate was 85.7% while pre-consolidation rate was 44.5%. Conclusion: This study revealed poor survival rates amongst patients with acute leukaemias. Influencing factors included poor diagnostic tools, clinical, and environmental inadequacies, high rates of DAMA and inadequate supportive care. Improving management and clinical outcomes for patients with acute leukaemias requires a holistic overhaul of the entire chain of management of these patients.  

1 Dr. Promila Krishna Chahal and 2 Dr. Kiran Singh PDF

The present study was undertaken to assess the physiological workload and energy cost of routine household tasks among women of Haryana. A total of 483 women respondents were investigated across six categories of activities, with the largest participation in kitchen work (125), followed by cleaning (100), recreation (89), laundry (82), miscellaneous tasks (56), and baby care (31).Standardized methods were applied to record physical and physiological variables. Physical parameters included age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), while physiological measures comprised heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake, energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and physical activity ratio (PAR).Findings of the study revealed that observed group of women were having a mean age of 33.2 years, body weight of 55.6±24.6 kg, height of 157.5±6.9 cm, and BMI of 20.5±2.1 kg/m², representing a mesomorph body type. The average BMR was 1392.3±65.6 kcal/24 hrs.Among activities, the maximum time was devoted to cleaning utensils (53.52 min) and chapati making (46.96 min). Physiological stress was highest in dough making (102.36 bpm) and utensil cleaning (101.08 bpm). Wiping and washing floors showed the greatest exertion, reflected in elevated HR (106.28 and 100.12 bpm), oxygen uptake (0.42 and 0.32 l/min), energy expenditure (8.17 and 7.19 kcal/min), and high physical activity ratio (PAR) values (8.47 and 7.46). Carrying water (19.33 min) also imposed considerable stress, with heart rate 103 bpm and energy expenditure 7.65 kcal/min. Baby care activities, particularly holding (94.5 bpm) and breastfeeding (91.7 bpm), further contributed to elevated physiological load.Statistical analysis revealed significant associations of age, weight, height, BMI, and BMR with PAR, highlighting that physiological demands varied by women’s physical characteristics. Rinsing clothes exhibited the highest PAR (8.74), followed by wiping (8.47) and hand washing clothes (8.34). The findings underscore the substantial physical workload rural women undertake in household activities, often comparable to moderate-to-heavy labor.  

1 Somaya Ismael Youssef Al-Hajjouj, 2 Dhakir Abbas Ali PDF

The integration of Total Quality Management (TQM) into educational institutions has gained increasing attention as a strategic approach to enhance human resource outcomes. This study investigates the impact of TQM on Human Resource Development (HRD) in the Saudi education sector, with a particular focus on the mediating role of Employee Learning Speed (ELS). The research is grounded in the context of ongoing institutional reforms and the growing need to align organizational performance with national transformation goals. A quantitative research design was employed, using survey data collected from 386 academic, administrative, and technical staff members at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships between TQM, ELS, and HRD, allowing for the assessment of both direct and indirect effects. The results indicate a strong and significant direct relationship between TQM and HRD, affirming the effectiveness of quality management practices in enhancing employee capabilities and institutional development. However, ELS did not mediate this relationship, as its linkage to TQM was not statistically significant. While ELS had a moderate direct influence on HRD, it failed to serve as a significant conduit for TQM’s impact. These findings suggest that although TQM is a vital driver of HRD, its influence on learning agility may be limited without additional organizational enablers. The study underscores the need for educational institutions to adopt more integrated approaches that combine quality systems with agile learning environments to foster sustainable workforce growth.  

1 Saraswathi Karthikeyan, 2 Ramachandran Sivagnanam, 3 Senthil Selvam P, 4 Selvaraj Sudhakar PDF

Background: COPD is an increasing health issue in the world, particularly in India whereby the prevalence of smoking is on the rise. It was estimated that approximately 10.6-12.1 percent of the global population succumbed to the disease every year in 2020 and that smoking is the most avoidable and the greatest risk factor of COPD especially in adults in Chennai. Objective: Study objective was to establish the prevalence of COPD in male smokers in Chennai, and to find out the relationship between the intensity of smoking and the severity of the disease and quality of life. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted on 200 smoked male patients aged 40-60 who attended a physiotherapy outpatient clinic. All participants gave an affirmative report of at least three months of persistent cough and sputum per year in the last two years. Women, non-smokers, and persons with lung tuberculosis, heart diseases, new surgery or new infection, asthma, or bronchodilators were excluded. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and COPD was diagnosed using the 2025 GOLD spirometry. Results: Among 200 smokers, COPD patients were significantly older than non-COPD smokers (mean difference=9.2;p=0.001). The number of pack-years of smoking was strongly associated with the development of COPD as well as with the lowering of HRQOL (r=0.61; p<0.001). Conclusion: Male smokers in Chennai have a high prevalence of COPD and more severe cases of the disease with poor quality of life. Such results highlight the necessity of screening improvement and more strong anti-smoking measures in the area.  

1Ayman Abdulmalek Galaem,2 Ahmed Mohamed Nasser, 3 Ali Abdullah Al-Awadi, 4Fuad Mansoor Al-Ward PDF

This study aimed to examine the impact of administrative empowerment, with its dimensions of participation, training, and teamwork, on decision-making within the Yemen Oil Company. To achieve its objectives, the study employed a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected from participants using a questionnaire comprising 37 items, which was administered to a random sample of 236 employees drawn from a total study population of 695. The study yielded several key findings. Most notably, the analysis results indicated that administrative empowerment was perceived to be at a high level, and the level of decision-making within the Yemen Oil Company was also high. Furthermore, the results demonstrated a significant positive impact of administrative empowerment on enhancing decision-making. The primary recommendations include placing greater emphasis on the dimensions of administrative empowerment: namely, participation, training, and teamwork, which influence the decision-making process. It is also recommended to grant employees greater trust and autonomy in their roles, foster a culture that accepts the concept of administrative empowerment, and continuously develop work methods and procedures to enhance overall performance. Finally, the study recommends increasing the focus on applying systematic steps in decision-making to ensure its effectiveness, as well as conducting ongoing studies to evaluate the outcomes of decisions and verify their efficacy.  

1Deepa. R, 2 Mutharasi. P PDF

The present study attempts to understand and measure the influential role of Psychological Capital (Skycap) on Mental Well-being among university teachers in India. Using survey methodology, data were collected from 226men and women teachers aged between 25 and 60 years. The questionnaire contains details about the demographic profile of the respondents and questions related to PsyCap and Well-being using the24-item Psychological Capital Scale (PCQ 24), and the 14-item Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS).The Dataset was examined using correlation and regression techniques, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test and Structural equation Modelling (PLS-SEM).The findings indicatea strong positive association between psychological capital and mental well-being of teachers and provides better understanding of the interaction of these constructs within the university context especially among university teachers. Theoretical and practical implications for educational institutions and its relevance in policymaking and curriculum designing for faculty retention and quality education are established.  

1 Sunita Mohapatra, 2 Sushri Samita Rout PDF

The objective of the research paper is to study the use of HR Analytics in various fields, specifically to analyse the performance appraisal of employees through HR Analytics. It is one of the upcoming domains of study that has already proved to be very useful for business organizations in particular. Although analytical tools are being used by some universities, the usage is still at a very nascent stage. In this study, it has been observed that analytical tools are not widely used in secondary schools. Hence, it would be intriguing to understand the impact of analytics-based performance appraisal in schools. Therefore, from the ease of accessibility point of view, this study focused on the influence of performance appraisal on CBSE school teachers.The motivation behind the study is a fascination to see how the use of HR Analytics can be helpful in the teaching-learning process of secondary schools. Although there are some literatures available that have studied the impact of teacher evaluation and improvement of teaching quality, the extent to which it results in the growth and development of students is crucial. That matters. The study tries to find out how performance assessment helps the students to receive quality teaching and improved methods of teaching by their teachers. It shows that there is a strong and positive relationship between TPA and teachers' motivation.

1 Oladapo Ololade Abe, 2 Bright Onyedikachi Asonye PDF

Many public tertiary hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa face growing leadership gaps, frequent brain drain, and declining service quality. These challenges underscore the urgent need for structured succession planning to sustain organisational performance. Guided by the Resource-Based View (RBV), Human Capital Theory, and Institutional Theory, this study examined how Succession Planning Practices (SPP), through Talent Identification (TA), Mentoring (ME), Leadership Development (LD), and Career Patching (CP), influence Organisational Service Performance (OSP) among public tertiary hospitals in Ghana and Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 731 clinical/medical, support/ancillary/technical and management/administrative staff across all the regions of the two countries. The data were analysed using Covariance Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) in AMOS. Findings showed that all four dimensions of SPP had positive and significant effects on service performance: TA (β = .24, p < .001), ME (β = .36, p < .001), LD (β = .29, p < .001), and CP (β = .21, p < .01). The overall SPP-OSP relationship was also positive and significant (β = .62, p < .001). The study concludes that effective succession planning enhances leadership continuity, staff development, and institutional performance. It recommends that public hospital administrators embed structured mentoring and leadership development programmes into HR policy and succession systems. Although limited by cross-sectional design and self-report data, future studies should adopt longitudinal or mixed methods approach to validate these results across other emerging economies in sub–Saharan Africa.

1 Oladapo Ololade Abe, 2 Bright Onyedikachi Asonye PDF

Firms in emerging economies often struggle to stay competitive in fast-changing markets. While innovation and supply chain agility are widely seen as drivers of market leadership, we still do not fully understand how these forces work together in contexts like Africa. Guided by the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), our study set out to explore the links between innovation capacity, supply chain agility, and market leadership. Data were collected through surveys from firms in Nigeria, Kenya, and Ghana, and analysed using structural equation modeling. Our results showed that innovation directly supports market leadership, but surprisingly, supply chain agility did not significantly predict leadership. Also, innovation did not strengthen leadership through agility, suggesting that the assumed pathways may not hold in emerging markets. These findings imply that innovation is indeed a valuable resource (RBV), but its impact depends on how well firms turn it into dynamic capabilities (DCT). Our study was limited by its cross-sectional design and focus on three countries. Future research should use longitudinal data and explore other regions. Overall, our study highlights that innovation matters, but without strong systems and dedicated strategic direction, its benefits may not fully translate into agility and competitiveness.  

1Chavan Vitthal Ram and 2Dr. Sonal R. Zanwar PDF

Sweet orange pomace is a byproduct of juice processing industries and auspicious source of dietary fiber with potential to use in food application as a functional ingredient. The aim of this study was to analyze functional and structural characterize dietary fiber from sweet orange pomace. The dietary fibre was use for physicochemical composition, functional property evaluation and morphological analysis. The dietary fiber from sweet orange pomace revealed 58.7 % yield with 11.82 g/g water holding capacity, 2.7 g/g oil binding capacity, 24.18 ml/g swelling capacity and 1.16 g/cm3particle density. SEM evaluation of dietary fiber reflect the presence of coarse, flaky, ridges, irregular cavities and fibrous thread like structure at various magnifications. Elemental profile analysis of dietary fiber using energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed a carbon and oxygen were the dominant element in composition, which is consistent with polysaccharide material.  

1Prof.Vineetha Jacob, 2Ms.Silvy Mathew, 3Ms. Suby Iype, 4Ms.Rakhi.R.Nath, 5Ms.Mayamol.P.Mathew, 6Ms.Kesiya Merine Idicula PDF

The utilization of over the counter (OTC) medicine is popular practice all around the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO) ‘self - medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms’. During COVID 19 pandemic, a hike in self intake of medicine without prescription was observed. The study was aimed to determine the attitude and practice regarding the intake of over the counter medicines after the emergence of COVID 19 outbreaks among general population. The objectives of the study were to assess the attitude and practice regarding the use of over the counter medicines among general population and   to find out the association of attitude and practice with selected baseline variables. The data was collected from 120 people from a selected community at Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.The study findings indicated that 53.33% of participant’s demonstrated   moderate practice, 46.67% exhibited   poor practice, and no individuals were found to have good practice. More than half (54.17%) of the samples had unfavourable attitude towards the use of OTC medicines and 45.83% had favourable attitude towards the use of OTC drugs. A significant association was found between annual income and practice score (χ2 = 13.31). A significant association was also found between level of education (χ2 =12.31), profession (χ2 =13.75), presence of co-morbidities (χ2 =14.11) and annual income (χ2 =43.04) with attitude score. Findings indicated a post-COVID-19 rise in OTC medication use compared to pre-pandemic usage.  

Mohammed A.K1.,Gana A.S2., Tolorunse K.D2 and Ishaq M.N1 PDF

The need for continuous development and screening of sugarcane familiesfor smut resistant is paramount. Because substitution of susceptible varieties by resistant genotypes is one of the most successful and reliable methods to combat smut disease. A study was conducted to screensixty sugarcane bi parental progenies (from twelve families) under smut infestation at NCRI Badge. The hybrid clones were arranged on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications at Badge and Edozhigi sugarcane field of NCRI. Analysis of variance reveals significant differences between the families for some traits. Average cane yield of 75.73 and 76.85 t/ha were recorded in Family 7 and Family 1(at Badge and Edozhigi).The best brixof 18.5% was recorded for family 2, 3, 10, 11at Badeggi and family 2 has the best brix mean value of 18.7% in Edozhigi.Combined smut index proved family 5 to be highly susceptible to smut infestation and only progenies of family 2 showed zero smut infestation. This study has demonstrated the potential of some sugarcane families and their progenies reaction to smut disease for subsequent evaluation in the national breeding program.  

Ning Zhou1 PDF

Purpose: This study examines the impact of bank digital transformation on small and medium enterprise (SME) credit accessibility in emerging markets, investigating how regulatory frameworks moderate this relationship across diverse institutional contexts. Methodology: The analysis employs panel data from 487 banks across 25 emerging market economies during 2018-2023, utilizing fixed-effects regression models with interaction terms and system GMM estimation to address endogeneity concerns. Digital transformation is measured through a composite index incorporating digital channel penetration, fetch applications, and infrastructure investment, while SME credit accessibility combines loan approval rates and credit portfolio allocation metrics. Findings: Digital transformation positively affects SME credit accessibility, though the economic magnitude remains moderate (β = 0.183, p < 0.05). Regulatory quality significantly moderates this relationship but with limited amplification effects (18% enhancement). Heterogeneous impacts emerge across development levels, with middle-income countries and Asian markets demonstrating stronger relationships than low-income and African contexts. Medium-sized banks exhibit superior transformation effectiveness compared to both large and small institutions. Conclusion: Technological adoption alone cannot overcome structural barriers to SME financing in emerging markets, requiring complementary institutional reforms and calibrated regulatory frameworks. Practical Implications: Policymakers should pursue comprehensive strategies integrating digital infrastructure development with institutional capacity building, regulatory experimentation, and market structure reforms rather than relying solely on technological solutions for financial inclusion objectives.  

1 Bidyut Das and 2 Amit Choudhury PDF

In studying queuing systems, the main feature that reflects the system is the performance measures. Traffic intensity is considered one of the most important performance measures in the M/M/1 queuing system. In the present study we introduce a new frequents estimator for traffic intensity and examine its properties, and we also examine the sampling distribution of the estimator. We design a framework for testing hypotheses and construct confidence intervals and maximum likelihood estimators. We also performed a comparison with a few similar estimators of other authors.

1 Muh.Budyanto, 2 Sudirman Zaid, 3 Noval Nur, 4 Wahyuniati Hamid PDF

This study aims to analyze the influence of employee involvement, top management commitment, training and development, and compensation on employee performance at the Southeast Sulawesi Regional Development Bank, and to examine the mediating role of top management commitment, training and development, and compensation in this relationship. The population in this study was all 538 employees of Bank BPD Sultra, with a sample of 148 respondents determined using the Slovin formula at a precision level of 7 percent. The data analysis method used Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results showed that employee involvement had a positive and significant effect on top management commitment, training and development, compensation, and employee performance. In addition, top management commitment, training and development, and compensation were also proven to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, these three variables act as partial mediators in the relationship between employee involvement and employee performance, meaning that both direct and indirect influences contribute to improving performance. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of increasing active employee participation, top management support, continuous competency development, and fair compensation as strategies to drive optimal performance in banking organizations. These results are expected to serve as a basis for formulating human resource management policies to sustainably strengthen Bank BPD Sultra's competitiveness and service quality.  

Habib Endris Yimam1*, Dr.N. Kishore Babu2 PDF

This study investigates the influence of financial distress on tax avoidance of manufacturing firms in South Wollo, Ethiopia, utilizing panel data. 49 companies were chosen by stratified and purposive sampling techniques. The analysis exploits secondary data obtained from the financial statements and annual reports of manufacturing firms. The study employed descriptive statistics and a random effects regression model to achieve its aims. The findings reveal that financial distress, along with profitability, sales growth, and solvency, has a statistically significant negative effect, whereas liquidity, efficiency, and leverage have a statistically significant positive impact. These results suggest that tax authorities should crack down harder and conduct focused audits on companies that are highly liquid, efficient, and leveraged, as they are more susceptible to tax avoidance, and they should also work to improve their risk-based assessment models to identify aggressive tax methods.  

Dr. Zainab Qamar, Dr. Muhammad Aamir Hashmi PDF

This research was designed to design and test a standardized tool to assess cognitive agility in students in secondary school. Cognitive agility, which was viewed as the capacity to flexibly switch thinking and adapt to dynamic learning environments, was conceptualized in five-dimensions viz., problem-solving skills, creativity, learning speed and working memory, decision-making, and open-mindedness. Based on the conventional scale development methods, a 35-item, 5-point Likert-type Cognitive Agility Scale (CAS) was designed and confirmed with the help of 350 students’ data. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) supported the five factors solution with 62 percent of the total variance and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) provided evidence of good model fit (CFI =.90, TLI =.88, RMSEA =.06). The analysis of reliability revealed a high degree of internal consistency within the dimensions (α =.75 -.82) and a high overall (α =.89). The CAS showed good psychometric qualities and offered an educator good instrument to evaluate and improve adaptive thinking, creativity, and decision making in the 21stcentury education.  

Dr. Zainab Qamar, Zainab Kamran PDF

The current study investigated the combined effect of secondary school students’ cognitive agility and science motivation on science outcomes in district Lahore. Under quantitative research and positivist paradigm, correlation design was employed to answer the research questions. A total of 2,1459th graders from 39 schools of district Lahore were selected as a sample by using multistage sampling process which include stratified and cluster sampling techniques. Validated and reliable research instruments based on 5-point Likert type scale were used to survey selected sample. The findings revealed moderate levels of perception regarding both psychological constructs. Moreover, strong and moderate correlation were found among all three study variables. The findings of regression analysis showed that combined effect of cognitive agility and science motivation explained approximately 61% of variance in students’ achievement in science, with cognitive agility acted as stronger predictor than motivation. These results signified the need to promote, reinforce, and boost these psychological constructs to strengthen the learning outcomes of students in the subject of science.

Dasari Ravi Ratnayake, Dr.Sonal Mobar Roy PDF

Since the formation of Telangana in 2014, the state has emerged as one of India’s fastest-growing economies with a strong focus on inclusive development. However, the rapid expansion of private education has raised concerns about equity and social justice. This paper examines the intersection of educational privatization, public policy, and inclusive growth in Telangana from 2014 to 2025, with a particular focus on Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and women. Drawing on data from UDISE+, AISHE, NFHS-5, the Socio-Economic Outlooks (SEO) 2023–2024, and secondary literature, the study evaluates trends in enrolment, dropout rates, digital access, and higher education participation. Using a sociological framework rooted in Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital and Ambedkar’s vision of social democracy, the paper argues that privatization has deepened stratification within the educational system, particularly affecting marginalized groups. Nevertheless, state policies, affirmative action, and entrepreneurship initiatives such as the Dalit Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DICCI) have emerged as critical pathways for linking education to empowerment. The study concludes that Telangana’s inclusive growth depends on strengthening public education, regulating private fees, bridging the digital divide, and integrating skill-based, entrepreneurial education aligned with DICCI’s model of Dalit capitalism.

1Savitha.K.K, 2Dr.S.Poonguzhali PDF

This study investigated the relationship between self-efficacy and Successful Intelligence (SI)—comprising analytical, creative, and practical abilities—among secondary school students. Utilizing a correlational design, data was collected from a sample of 500 students from 15 inclusive schools of Kerala state using a validated self-efficacy questionnaire and a scale of Successful Intelligence . The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between students' overall self-efficacy and their total Successful Intelligence score.  These findings suggest that a student's belief in their ability to succeed is fundamentally linked to their capacity to apply, generate, and evaluate knowledge effectively in diverse contexts. The results support the integration of meta cognitive and self-regulatory training, alongside the development of triarchic skills, to foster holistic academic and life success in secondary education.  

Munir Saleh Al-Maqaleh, Fuad Mansoor Al-Ward PDF

This study provides a quality assessment of health services for women in government hospitals across the Sana’a Governorate between 2010 and 2020. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the significance of these services in supporting the development and empowerment of women in Yemen. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the research utilized a purpose-designed questionnaire, grounded in the SERVQUAL service quality model, as the primary data collection instrument. The study sample consisted of 100 women who received services at government hospitals in the Hamdan and Sanhan directorates. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), focusing on measuring service quality across five SERVQUAL dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The findings revealed an overall moderate level of service quality (mean score: 2.62), with significant deficiencies identified across all five dimensions of service quality. Notable areas of deterioration included the consistent availability of medication, staff efficiency, compromised by disrupted incentives and salary payments, and the efficacy of the monitoring systems. Consequently, female beneficiaries expressed widespread dissatisfaction, perceiving the services as inadequate and inconsistent. This perception compelled many to seek care from the private sector despite the associated financial burden. Conversely, the study identified several relative strengths, such as clear informational signage, acceptable standards of cleanliness, and moderate adherence to appointment schedules. Furthermore, the medical staff demonstrated a moderate level of engagement in patient follow-up and assistance provision. Based on these findings, this study proposes several critical recommendations. Urgent policy interventions are needed to enhance health service quality, including increased government expenditure in the health sector, establishment of a sustainable medication supply chain, reactivation of staff incentive systems, and comprehensive implementation of a quality improvement model. Furthermore, the study recommends establishing integrated, female-centric health facilities and integrating equity and gender considerations into all health policies; such measures are essential to ensure the provision of fair, high-quality services that effectively contribute to the development and empowerment of Yemeni women.    

Jenitha Theertha Gounder1*, Bhavani Arumugam2 PDF

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of McKenzie Therapy combined with educational interventions in reducing low back pain and functional disability among school teachers. Lower back pain (LBP) is a common occupational hazard in the teaching profession, often resulting from prolonged standing, poor posture, and repetitive movements. This quasi-experimental study involved 40 school teachers with mild to moderate LBP, selected through purposive sampling and divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a 10-day intervention comprising McKenzie Therapy exercises and structured educational sessions on posture, ergonomics, and self-care, while the control group followed their routine practices. Pain and disability were measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and after the intervention. The pre-test scores showed no significant differences between groups. However, post-test results indicated a highly significant improvement in the experimental group, with mean disability scores reducing from 10.30 to 3.30 and VAS scores from 5.40 to 2.30 (p=0.001). The control group showed minimal change. No significant association was found between pain or disability and demographic or clinical variables. These findings suggest that a multimodal intervention integrating McKenzie Therapy and education can effectively reduce pain and functional limitations in school teachers. The study concludes the importance of preventive and rehabilitative measures in occupational health programs. 

Yousef Saleh A Alsudays1, Aza Azlina Binti Md Kassim2 PDF

This study explores the effect of tourism prosperity on waqf institutions development in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the interconnected roles of cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions of tourism in promoting institutional growth and sustainability. As tourism emerges as one of the key pillars of Saudi Vision 2030, understanding its impact on Islamic social finance mechanisms such as waqf becomes essential for achieving long-term economic and social transformation. The research adopts a quantitative methodology, collecting data from 198 professionals and administrators working within the waqf and tourism sectors across different regions of Saudi Arabia. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS was applied to test the hypothesized relationships and evaluate the strength of the linkages among the study variables. The results indicate that both economic and environmental prosperity have significant positive effects on waqf institutions development, while cultural prosperity exhibited no direct statistical influence. This suggests that tourism-led economic diversification and environmentally sustainable practices enhance the operational efficiency, governance quality, and financial capacity of waqf institutions, whereas the role of cultural heritage may be more indirect contributing through increased awareness, identity preservation, and community involvement. The findings underscore the importance of aligning tourism prosperity with sustainable institutional frameworks to foster inclusive development and social empowerment. By demonstrating the positive relationship between tourism growth and waqf performance, the study provides valuable insights into how Saudi Arabia can leverage its expanding tourism industry to strengthen Islamic endowments and achieve Vision 2030’s goals of economic diversification, cultural revitalization, and environmental stewardship. Overall, the study concludes that tourism prosperity, particularly through its economic and environmental aspects, acts as a catalyst for enhancing waiqf institutions, supporting social welfare initiatives, and reinforcing the broader vision of sustainable national development.  

Yousef Saleh A Alsudays1, Aza Azlina Binti Md Kassim2 PDF

Background: Waqf, as an Islamic philanthropic institution, has historically played a central role in promoting social welfare, education, and economic development. Despite its potential, contemporary waqf institutions face significant challenges, including weak governance, lack of transparency, and underutilized assets, while also showing promise through innovative models such as crowd funding, productive waqf, and blockchain-based reporting. Objective: This study aims to systematically review the determinants of waqf institutions’ development, focusing on individual, psychosocial, organizational, and systemic factors that influence their effectiveness and sustainability. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Searches across major academic databases yielded 30 eligible studies published between 2020 and 2025. The included studies comprised both empirical and conceptual works, representing diverse geographical contexts such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Guinea. Data were synthesized to identify common themes and determinants across the literature. Results: The findings reveal that individual determinants such as religiosity, altruism, age, gender, and income strongly shape donor participation. Psychosocial factors including trust, reciprocity, and life satisfaction influence long-term sustainability. At the organizational level, governance structures, reporting practices, and intellectual capital are central to institutional credibility and performance. Systemic enablers such as supportive legal frameworks, alignment with Sustainable Development Goals, and innovative financing models like productive waqf, microfinance, and blockchain-based solutions are critical for modern waqf development. Conclusions: The review highlights that the advancement of waqf institutions depends on strengthening trust and transparency, professionalizing management, and integrating innovative financial tools while remaining grounded in Islamic principles. By addressing governance inefficiencies and leveraging modern instruments, waqf institutions can significantly enhance their role in socioeconomic empowerment and sustainable development across Muslim societies.  

Mufleh Muadi Aljabrah1, Nor'ain BT Abdullah2 PDF

This study examines the impact of electronic recruitment on talent development and organizational performance within Saudi Arabia’s luxury tourism sector, aligning with the strategic objectives of Vision 2030. Grounded in Human Capital Theory and Strategic HRM perspectives, the research investigates how digital recruitment tools enhance the identification and acquisition of talent, and how structured developmental pathways translate this potential into measurable organizational outcomes. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 348 HR professionals across the sector and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The findings reveal that electronic recruitment positively influences talent development, which in turn significantly enhances organizational performance. Moreover, talent development serves as a mediating variable, strengthening the indirect relationship between electronic recruitment and performance outcomes. These results underscore the importance of integrating digital recruitment systems with long-term employee development strategies to fully realize their performance potential. The study contributes to the understanding of technology-driven HR practices in the service sector and offers practical insights for organizations seeking to align talent acquisition with sustainable growth. It highlights the need for balanced recruitment systems that combine digital efficiency with developmental investments to support workforce excellence in Saudi Arabia’s evolving tourism landscape.  

Menwer Sameer L Alshammari1, Dhakir Abbas Ali2 PDF

Background: Strategic leadership is increasingly viewed as a vital determinant of organizational success and sustainability, especially within non-profit organizations where mission fulfillment, stakeholder trust, and human capital play central roles. In Saudi Arabia, the evolving non-profit sector under Vision 2030 emphasizes leadership effectiveness, innovation, and employee involvement as essential components for achieving social impact and operational excellence. Objective: This systematic review aims to examine the impact of strategic leadership on the management and performance of non-profit organizations, focusing on the mediating role of employee participation. It seeks to synthesize existing empirical evidence and theoretical insights to better understand how participatory leadership enhances effectiveness, accountability, and long-term organizational success. Methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. Comprehensive searches were conducted across major academic databases for studies published between 2020 and 2025. Inclusion criteria targeted research that examined strategic leadership, participative management, empowerment, and performance in non-profit or public contexts. The selected studies were analyzed thematically, and the review process was illustrated through the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram showing identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion stages. Results: Findings indicate that strategic leadership has a significant positive effect on non-profit performance, sustainability, and innovation. Leaders who encourage employee participation, empowerment, and shared decision-making are more likely to foster motivation, learning, and adaptability within their organizations. Employee participation emerged as a mediating factor that translates leadership vision into improved effectiveness and service quality, highlighting the importance of inclusive and transformational leadership approaches. Conclusions: Strategic leadership, when supported by employee participation and empowerment, enhances both managerial efficiency and mission-driven outcomes in non-profit organizations. This review underscores the need for leadership models that are adaptive, ethical, and participatory to meet the evolving demands of the Saudi non-profit sector and to advance the goals of Vision 2030.  

Alshammari Falaih Malak S1, Dhakir Abbas Ali2 PDF

This study investigates the impact of annual evaluations on school administration performance in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the mediating role of professional development. Guided by Goal-Setting Theory, Human Capital Theory, and Organizational Learning Theory, the study aims to understand how structured evaluation systems enhance leadership effectiveness and institutional performance through professional learning. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was adopted, and data were collected from school administrators in public schools across various Saudi regions. The data were analyzed using Smart-PLS within the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) framework to assess the measurement and structural models. The findings revealed significant positive relationships among annual evaluations, professional development, and administrative performance. Results confirmed that evaluation systems not only improve accountability but also promote a culture of continuous learning and leadership excellence. Moreover, professional development was found to mediate the relationship between evaluations and performance, demonstrating its central role in translating feedback into enhanced administrative outcomes. These findings align with Saudi Vision 2030, emphasizing the integration of performance-based evaluation and professional development to achieve sustainable educational reform. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on educational leadership by providing empirical evidence on how systematic evaluations foster growth-oriented school management practices and institutional effectiveness.  

Alshammari Falaih Malak S1, Dhakir Abbas Ali2 PDF

This study explores the impact of annual evaluations on school administration performance in Saudi Arabia through the mediating role of staff motivation. The research is situated within the broader framework of Saudi Vision 2030, which prioritizes accountability, leadership excellence, and continuous improvement in educational institutions. The study aims to determine how transparent and developmental evaluation systems influence motivation and, consequently, enhance administrative effectiveness. Adopting a quantitative, descriptive–analytical design, data were collected from 60 school administrators across Saudi public and private schools. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine both direct and mediating effects. The results revealed that annual evaluations significantly predict staff motivation and school administration performance, with staff motivation partially mediating this relationship. These findings confirm that evaluation systems designed with fairness, feedback, and goal clarity foster greater engagement, intrinsic motivation, and improved leadership performance. The study concludes that when implemented as motivational and developmental tools rather than procedural assessments, annual evaluations can serve as powerful mechanisms for promoting accountability, innovation, and sustainable performance improvement in the education sector. These results provide valuable insights for policymakers and school leaders aiming to strengthen leadership effectiveness and institutional quality within Saudi Arabia’s educational reform agenda.  

Ahmad Ghazi M Alshammari1, Dhakir Abbas Ali2 PDF

This study investigates the impact of job autonomy on employee productivity in the Saudi education sector, focusing on the mediating role of employee engagement. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory and the Job Characteristics Model, the research examines how autonomy serves as a psychological resource that enhances intrinsic motivation and drives higher performance. Using a quantitative descriptive–analytical approach, data were collected from 60 educators and administrators across Saudi educational institutions. The results demonstrated high reliability and validity of the measurement instruments and revealed significant positive correlations among job autonomy, employee engagement, and employee productivity. Specifically, job autonomy was found to positively influence engagement, while engagement significantly predicted productivity, confirming its mediating role in the model. These findings align with prior studies highlighting autonomy as a fundamental determinant of engagement and performance. The study contributes to existing literature by providing empirical support for the mediating effect of engagement within the Saudi educational context and aligns with Vision 2030’s strategic objectives of fostering empowerment, innovation, and institutional effectiveness. It concludes that enhancing autonomy and engagement among educators is essential to improving productivity and sustaining educational excellence.  

Ahmad Ghazi M Alshammari1, Dhakir Abbas Ali2 PDF

This study examines the impact of employee development programs on employee productivity in the Saudi education sector, focusing on the mediating role of employee engagement. Grounded in Human Capital Theory and Social Exchange Theory, the research explores how continuous professional learning and engagement-oriented practices contribute to improved workforce performance and institutional success. A quantitative approach was adopted, collecting data from 60 participants across various educational institutions in Saudi Arabia. The results revealed strong reliability and validity across all study variables, confirming the consistency of the measurement instruments. The findings showed significant positive relationships among employee development programs, engagement, and productivity, indicating that engagement serves as a key mediator linking developmental initiatives to enhanced performance outcomes. These insights underscore the importance of aligning employee development strategies with engagement-driven management practices to achieve sustainable organizational growth. The study concludes that fostering a culture of learning and engagement within Saudi educational institutions is crucial for improving employee productivity and advancing the broader objectives of national transformation under Vision 2030.  

1Adel Obaid B Alsharari, 2Dhakir Abbas Ali PDF

This study investigates the influence of strategic choices on the adoption of renewable energy technologies among small and medium-sized enterprises in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, it examines how environmental consciousness and stakeholder engagement mediate this relationship. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 384 small and medium-sized enterprise managers across various sectors. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was employed to test the conceptual model and assess the direct and indirect effects among variables. The results reveal that strategic choices significantly influence both environmental consciousness and stakeholder engagement. However, the direct effect of strategic choices on renewable energy adoption was negative, suggesting that strategic intent alone may not translate into sustainable action without supportive internal and external mechanisms. Mediation analysis confirmed that both environmental consciousness and stakeholder engagement fully mediate the relationship between strategic choices and renewable energy adoption. These findings underscore the importance of aligning strategic behaviors with environmental values and stakeholder collaboration to achieve meaningful progress in sustainable energy practices. The study offers theoretical insights into sustainability transitions in emerging economies and provides practical recommendations for policymakers and enterprise leaders committed to environmental innovation and the goals of Saudi Vision 2030.  

1Adel Obaid B Alsharari, 2Dhakir Abbas Ali PDF

This study investigates the relationship between strategic choices and renewable energy adoption among small and medium-sized enterprises in Saudi Arabia, a nation actively transitioning toward sustainable energy solutions. Drawing upon theories of strategic management and environmental behavior, the research applies a structured quantitative approach using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Data were collected from a stratified random sample of 384 small and medium-sized enterprises across key industries and regions in the Kingdom. The results reveal a statistically significant yet negative relationship between strategic choices and renewable energy adoption, with a standardized path coefficient of –0.552 and a p-value less than 0.001. This indicates that prevailing strategic orientations, which often prioritize operational efficiency, cost control, and short-term planning, may unintentionally hinder the adoption of renewable energy technologies. The model demonstrated strong explanatory power, with 77.6 percent of the variance in renewable energy adoption explained by strategic choices. The findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of sustainability and strategy integration in emerging economies, and they offer practical implications for policymakers and business leaders seeking to advance environmental innovation through better-aligned strategic planning in small and medium-sized enterprises.  

Rahmayanti Ika Pratiwi1, Arifuddin2, Salma Saleh3, Wahyuniati Hamid4 PDF

This study examines the extent to which credit risk affects bank stability, both directly and indirectly through liquidity risk. Current economic conditions have a significant impact on banking stability, including that of Regional Development Banks (BPD), which play a strategic role in supporting regional economic development. In recent years, BPDs have faced significant pressure due to the regional economic slowdown, increased credit risk in commodity-based sectors, and liquidity dynamics influenced by dependence on short-term third-party funds. The phenomenon of increasing NPL ratios in several BPDs, LDR fluctuations indicating liquidity pressure, and variations in profitability performance among BPDs indicate potential instability. This study investigates the effect of credit risk on BPD stability and assesses the role of liquidity risk as a mediating variable explaining the risk transmission mechanism. Referring to financial intermediation theory, which emphasizes that a bank's ability to manage its intermediation function is strongly influenced by profitability and liquidity adequacy. The novelty of this study lies in the use of liquidity risk as a mediating variable in the influence of credit risk on stability. Using a causal-comparative quantitative design, this study analyzes panel data from 21 regional development banks during the 2020–2024 period. Credit risk functions as an exogenous variable, liquidity risk operates as a mediating variable, and stability, assessed via Z-score and NIM, serves as an endogenous variable. This study uses Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the direct and mediated paths, supported by bootstrapping to assess the significance of the indirect effect. Data are obtained from quarterly financial reports sourced from the Financial Services Authority (OJK), ensuring reliability, comparability, and representation over time. The results of the study indicate that credit risk has a significant negative effect on bank stability and a significant negative effect on profitability. Credit risk also has a significant positive effect on liquidity risk, indicating that increased credit risk contributes to bank funding pressures. Furthermore, liquidity risk has a significant negative effect on bank stability. This study also confirms that liquidity risk mediates the relationship between credit risk and stability. Overall, these findings confirm that prudent credit risk control and liquidity management are the main foundations of the stability of regional development banks.

Dino Morlan Gobriyas1, Arifuddin2, Salma Saleh3, Wahyuniati Hamid4 PDF

This study examines the extent to which income diversification and asset diversification influence bank profitability, both directly and indirectly through cost efficiency. Motivated by the increasing complexity of banking activities and the growing emphasis on portfolio and revenue structure optimization, the research investigates whether diversification strategies enhance financial performance by stabilizing income, spreading risk, and improving operational efficiency. Drawing on portfolio theory, the resource-based view, and transaction cost economics, the study positions diversification as a strategic mechanism that can generate differentiated effects depending on the nature of the diversified component. Using a quantitative causal-comparative design, the research analyzes panel data from 32 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2018–2024 period. Income diversification and asset diversification serve as exogenous variables, cost efficiency functions as a mediating variable, and profitability—measured through ROA and ROEacts as the endogenous variable. The study employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test direct and mediated pathways, supported by bootstrapping to assess the significance of indirect effects. Data were obtained from audited annual financial reports sourced from the IDX and OJK, ensuring reliability, comparability, and representativeness over time. The results reveal that both income diversification and asset diversification significantly enhance profitability. However, the mediation analysis shows contrasting mechanisms: asset diversification improves profitability directly without contributing to cost efficiency, suggesting that broader asset allocation enhances risk–return balance but does not reduce operational expenses. Conversely, income diversification strengthens profitability both directly and indirectly by improving cost efficiency, indicating that banks benefit from economies of scope and more efficient use of shared infrastructure. Overall, the study concludes that diversification is an effective driver of profitability, but its operational pathways differ. Income diversification delivers dual financial and efficiency gains, whereas asset diversification creates value primarily through strategic portfolio optimization.  

Sharaf Ali Mohammed Al-Makhadhi1 Mojahed Yahya Saleh Al-Mashriqy2 PDF

This study aims to investigate the role of administrative creativity in improving institutional performance among academic administrators and faculty members in technical education and vocational training colleges in the Capital Secretariat of Sana'a and the Amran Governorate, using the analytical descriptive approach. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of (400) participants, and data were analyzed using SPSS-27 and AMOS-26 programs. Results revealed moderate levels of both administrative creativity and institutional performance. Path analysis demonstrated a strong direct influence of administrative creativity on improving institutional performance (β = 1.075, S.E. = 0.058, R² = 0.798, T = 18.485, p < 0.001), explaining approximately 79.8% of the variance in institutional performance. Furthermore, all dimensions of administrative creativity—fluency, originality, flexibility, and sensitivity to problems—showed statistically significant positive effects at a confidence level of .(99.9%).The study recommends enhancing administrative creativity programs through training, integrating its practices into administrative policies and institutional evaluation systems, while utilizing academic and administrative expertise and supporting an innovation culture to improve institutional performance efficiency and enhance the quality of educational outcomes.  

Usha Chauhan PDF

Purpose-The present research intends to investigate how executives' perceptions toward Corporate Social Responsibilities in the automotive industry are influenced by demographic factors such as hierarchy, gender, age, and work experience. Methodology- A detailed survey questionnaire, designed on a seven-pointLikert scale, to gauge executives' perceptions of CSR within the automobile industry. Linear regression analyses were further applied to comprehensively assess the impact of demographic variables, enhancing the research's analytical rigor. Findings- Results indicate a statistically significant correlation between the demographic variables and perceptions towards both internal and external CSR challenges. As levels of hierarchy, age, and work experience increase, the perceived levels of CSR challenges decrease. A similar trend is observed with a gender transition from male to female. Social implications-This research expands the CSR dialogue by revealing the interaction of demographic factors like hierarchy, gender, age, and work experience on CSR challenges. It challenges conventional theory by encouraging gender-sensitive and generational structures. Furthermore, the data shows that work experience reduces perception of CSR challenges, advising the requirement for adaptive corporate strategies personalized to different experience levels. Practical implications-The research recommends targeted CSR approaches based on hierarchical levels and demographic factors like gender, age, and work experience. By employing robust statistical approaches, it offers a strong foundation for organizations to modify CSR initiatives and communications effectually. These findings will lead to more inclusive and sustainable CSR strategies, eventually augmenting a company's social impact and long-term sustainability. Limitations- This study is limited to the automobile sector and a specific set of demographic variables. Novelty-This research presents a novel categorization by distinguishing between internal and external CSR challenges, filling a gap often overlooked in the literature. By concentrating on the automobile industry, the study discloses sector-specific CSR differences, contributing to a more targeted approach for practitioners. The addition of variables like work experience and hierarchical level as demographic factors deals with fresh outlooks for understanding CSR perceptions. Furthermore, the employment of demanding statistical methodLinear regression analyses elevates the methodological standards for future CSR studies’ and exactness to a largely qualitative area, thereby pushing the limits of CSR research.  

1Walter A. Mboto; 2Akintimi, Clement; 3Pius E. Akah; 4Ogar, Legbel Elemi; 5Helen, W.Mboto PDF

This study examined the relationship between workplace incivility, employee well-being, and performance in formal and informal organisations within Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. Anchored on Affective Events Theory (AET) and Social Exchange Theory (SET), the research adopted a qualitative design to capture in-depth perspectives. Using purposive sampling, employees across various sectors who had direct experiences and knowledge of workplace incivility were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that workplace incivility manifested in various forms, including verbal disrespect, exclusion from decision-making, intentional withholding of information, and subtle acts of sabotage. These behaviours were found to occur both vertically (between superiors and subordinates) and horizontally (among colleagues). Verbal disrespect emerged as the most prevalent form, while passive incivility—such as withholding critical work-related information—significantly hindered employee performance. The result revealed that workplace favouritism and weak enforcement of organisational conduct policies contributed to the normalisation of incivility. The study concludes that workplace incivility adversely affects employee well-being and productivity, and recommends that organisations implement clear behavioural policies, strengthen enforcement mechanisms, and promote respectful workplace cultures to mitigate its impact.  

Joukhrane Zainab1, Said Youssef1, Yaride Karim1 , Hamliri Mouhcine1 PDF

Organizational performance can no longer be reduced to a mere economic indicator. In response to evolving societal expectations, increasing regulatory pressure, and mounting environmental challenges, management practices have undergone a profound transformation. Strategic management control, historically focused on cost containment and financial performance, has shifted significantly by integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) criteria. This article examines the evolution of the traditional Balanced Scorecard model toward a more sustainable version, highlighting the transition from shareholder-centric value creation to a shared value approach that considers all stakeholders. This shift underscores the strategic management control function as a key lever for sustainable governance, ensuring long-term organizational resilience, legitimacy, and competitiveness. The study offers a theoretical reflection on this transformation of strategic management control, while opening avenues for future research into its practical implementation across various sectors and organizational contexts. In doing so, it deepens our understanding of the challenges associated with sustainable corporate performance and the adaptation of firms to new economic and societal realities.  

Nurul Azintha Abbas; Gagaring Pagalung; Darwis Said PDF

This study aims to test and analyze the influence of asset structure, managerial ownership, capital structure, growth opportunity, and profitability on the performance of Food and Beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2023 period. The background of this research is based on the importance of the food and beverage sector as one of the industries that has a significant contribution to the national economy, as well as the high competition that requires companies to manage resources and financial structures optimally. The research method uses a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of the company's annual financial statements obtained from the IDX. The analysis was carried out through multiple regression techniques to determine the relationship and influence of independent variables on dependent variables. The results of the study are expected to provide an overview of the internal factors that affect the company's performance, especially in terms of asset management, managerial ownership, capital structure, growth opportunities, and profitability. These findings are expected to contribute theory to the development of science in the field of management and improvement of capital structure, as well as contribute to practitioners in companies related to optimizing capital structure. This study shows that asset structure, managerial ownership, growth opportunities, and profitability can affect capital structure.  

1Sabanath M.; 2Dr. Anees Mohammed C. PDF

Influence of social Intelligence enables individuals to navigate complex social situations, resolve conflicts and build meaningful relationships contributing to enhanced overall life satisfaction with well-being. The major objective of this study is to identify significant difference between Social Intelligence and Life satisfaction among Higher Secondary School Students. Study is quantitative design; Sample size is 500 Higher Secondary School Students and statistical techniques are t-test and ANOVA.  The findings of the study demonstrated that the Rural Higher Secondary School Students are possessor more Social Intelligence and Life satisfaction than the Urban Higher Secondary students, science students exhibited significantly higher levels of Social Intelligence and Life satisfaction compared to Humanities and Commerce students.  

Hartawan1*, Jafar Ahiri2, Nanik Hindaryatiningsih3, Laode Asfahyadin Aliddin4 PDF

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Laode Jasman1*, Sudirman Zaid2, Laode Asfahyadin Aliddin3, Noval Nur4 PDF

This study aimed to analyze and examine the moderation of transformational leadership and authentic leadership on the effect of job descriptions on performance, mediated by job satisfaction. This study was conducted within the Directorate of Special Criminal Investigations, Southeast Sulawesi Regional Police, with 137 police personnel from all work units as respondents. Data collection used an online questionnaire. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive analysis and partial least squares analysis.The results of this study indicate that job descriptions have a positive and significant effect on performance. Job descriptions have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on performance. Job satisfaction partially mediates the effect of job descriptions on performance. Transformational leadership and authentic leadership moderate the effect of job descriptions on performance. Transformational leadership and authentic leadership do not moderate the effect of job satisfaction on performance.