Journal of Research Administration

Abstract

This paper explores the governance of smart cities in developing countries through a comparative analysis using technology, people, and institutional perspectives. While smart cities have been promoted globally as engines of innovation, sustainability and improved governance their realization in developing countries context remains challenged by infrastructural gaps, governance limitations, and socio-economic disparities. Drawing on recent scholarly literature (2015–2025), the study examines how technology-driven initiatives, citizen engagement, and institutional arrangements shape the trajectory of smart city projects in different developing regions. Findings reveal that while technology adoption is critical, people-centered inclusivity and institutional robustness remain equally indispensable for effective governance. The paper concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening the integration of these dimensions to promote sustainable, inclusive, and resilient urban governance.